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1421: The Year China Discovered America, by Gavin Menzies
PDF Ebook 1421: The Year China Discovered America, by Gavin Menzies
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The incredible true story of the discovery of America before Columbus was even born.Gavin Menzies's extraordinary findings rewrite history.
On March 8, 1421, the largest fleet the world had ever seen sailed from its base in China. The ships, huge junks nearly five hundred feet long and built from the finest teak, were under the command of Emperor Zhu Di's loyal eunuch admirals. Their mission was "to proceed all the way to the end of the earth to collect tribute from the barbarians beyond the seas" and unite the whole world in Confucian harmony. Their journey would last more than two years and circle the globe.
When they returned in October 1423, the emperor had fallen, leaving China in political and economic chaos. The great ships, now considered frivolous, were left to rot at their moorings and the records of their journeys were destroyed. Lost in China's long, self-imposed isolation that followed was the knowledge that Chinese ships had reached America seventy years before Columbus and circumnavigated the globe a century before Magellan. Also concealed were how the Chinese colonized America before the Europeans and transplanted to America, Australia, New Zealand and South America the principal economic crops that have fed and clothed the world.
Now, in a landmark historical journey, Gavin Menzies, who spent fifteen years tracing the astonishing voyages of the Chinese fleet, shares the remarkable account of his discoveries and the incontrovertible evidence to support them. His compelling narrative pulls together ancient maps, precise navigational knowledge, astronomy and the surviving accounts of Chinese explorers and the later European navigators to prove that the Chinese had also discovered Antarctica, reached Australia three hundred and fifty years before Cook and solved the problem of longitude three hundred years ahead of the Europeans. 1421 describes the artifacts and inscribed stones left behind by the emperor's fleet, the evidence of wrecked junks along its route -- discovered in locations ranging from the middle of the Mississippi River to tributaries of the Amazon -- and the ornate votive offerings left by the Chinese sailors wherever they landed, in honor of Shao Lin, goddess of the sea.
1421: The Year China Discovered America is the story of a remarkable journey of discovery that rewrites our understanding of history. Our knowledge of world exploration as it has been commonly accepted for centuries must now be reconceived due to this classic work of historical detection.
- Sales Rank: #417057 in Books
- Published on: 2003-01
- Released on: 2003-01-07
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.25" h x 1.63" w x 6.13" l,
- Binding: Hardcover
- 552 pages
From Publishers Weekly
A former submarine commander in Britain's Royal Navy, Menzies must enjoy doing battle. The amateur historian's lightly footnoted, heavily speculative re-creation of little-known voyages made by Chinese ships in the early 1400s goes far beyond what most experts in and outside of China are willing to assert and will surely set tongues wagging. According to Menzies's brazen but dull account of the Middle Kingdom's exploits at sea, Magellan, Dias, da Gama, Cabral and Cook only "discovered" lands the Chinese had already visited, and they sailed with maps drawn from Chinese charts. Menzies alleges that the Chinese not only discovered America, but also established colonies here long before Columbus set out to sea. Because China burned the records of its historic expeditions led by Zheng He, the famed eunuch admiral and the focus of this account, Menzies is forced to defend his argument by compiling a tedious package of circumstantial evidence that ranges from reasonable to ridiculous. While the book does contain some compelling claims-for example, that the Chinese were able to calculate longitude long before Western explorers-drawn from Menzies's experiences at sea, his overall credibility is undermined by dubious research methods. In just one instance, when confounded by the derivation of cryptic words on a Venetian map, Menzies first consults an expert at crossword puzzles rather than an etymologist. Such an approach to scholarship, along with a promise of more proof to come in the paperback edition, casts a shadow of doubt over Menzies's discoveries. 32 pages of color illus., 27 maps and diagrams. Book-of-the-Month Club alternate.
Copyright 2003 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Booklist
Menzies makes the fascinating argument that the Chinese discovered the Americas a full 70 years before Columbus. Not only did the Chinese discover America first, but they also, according to the author, established a number of subsequently lost colonies in the Caribbean. Furthermore, he asserts that the Chinese circumnavigated the globe, desalinated water, and perfected the art of cartography. In fact, he believes that most of the renowned European explorers actually sailed with maps charted by the Chinese. Though most historical records were destroyed during centuries of turmoil in the Far East, he manages to cobble together some feasible evidence supporting his controversial conclusions. Sure to cause a stir among historians, this questionable tale of adventure on the high seas will be hotly debated in academic circles. Margaret Flanagan
Copyright © American Library Association. All rights reserved
Review
“Menzies’ enthusiasm is infectious and his energy boundless. He has raised important questions and marshaled some fascinating information.” (Toronto Globe and Mail)
“Captivating . . . a historical detective story . . . that adds to our knowledge of the world, past and present.” (Daily News)
“ is likely to be the most fascinating read of 2003.” (UPI)
“No matter what you think of Menzies’s theories, his enthusiasm is infectious.” (Christian Science Monitor)
“What you’ve done, brilliantly, is to raise many questions that people are debating.” (Diane Rehm, The Diane Rehm Show)
“[Menzies] makes history sound like pure fun...a seductive read.” (New York Times Magazine)
Most helpful customer reviews
15 of 15 people found the following review helpful.
A Great Disappointment
By gmcw
I started this book and was quite excited about the possibilities it purported to prove. The farther into the book I read, the more uneasy I became regarding the accuracy of the author's claims. There were too many instances of "This artifact/item proves this fact, however, it has disappeared". When the author came up with claims that pertained to "proofs" of his theory in my home state, he lost me. Had his claims been accurate, it would have been "shouted from the rooftops". I have no doubt that the Chinese explored many of the places the author claimed that they did, however, his "proofs" were merely suppositions and wishful thinking, not verifiable facts.
8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Not factual at all, not history.
By Jane
Its a historical novel, not much truth in here. But sort of a fun read.
This series is not anything that a person who has studied history for decades will want to read, but if you are looking for some entertainment, then its not bad.
But certainly not a good read for anybody who knows history.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Fascinating Read.
By Duncan Day
This book is a good blend of imaginative historical storytelling, and detailed evidence building to support a case. Mr. Menzies describes not only life in the 15th century, but the voyages and trials of the great treasure fleets from how it might have been experienced. Once drawn into the stories of the voyages and how they might have gone, he spends considerable time walking the reader through his detective work, providing evidence to support his thesis. While not all the evidence is equally compelling or convincing to me (one of the reasons it isn't 5 stars; the other being moments of plodding writing), the idea and the work he has put into it is fascinating and worthy of serious consideration. For the most part, he convinced me, and I now tell my kids this new version of how the world was mapped and how navigational challenges were overcome.
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